在英语语法中,定语从句是一种重要的语法结构,它能够帮助我们更精确地描述名词或代词。掌握定语从句对于提高英语写作和阅读能力至关重要。本文将围绕高中阶段常见的定语从句进行详细讲解,并附上一些专项练习题,以帮助同学们更好地理解和运用这一知识点。
一、定语从句的基本概念
定语从句是修饰先行词的一种特殊从句。它的作用类似于形容词,在句子中起到补充说明的作用。定语从句通常由关系代词(如who, whom, whose, which, that)或关系副词(如where, when, why)引导。先行词是指被定语从句修饰的那个名词或代词。
关系代词与关系副词的区别:
- 关系代词:用于指代人或事物,同时可以在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。
- 关系副词:用于表示时间、地点或原因等具体的关系。
例如:
- The book which/that I bought yesterday is very interesting. (关系代词that/which作主语)
- This is the place where we first met. (关系副词where表示地点)
二、定语从句的分类
根据关系代词或关系副词的选择,定语从句可以分为以下几种类型:
1. 限定性定语从句:对先行词起到限制性作用,去掉后句子意思会发生改变。
- 例句:The man who is speaking is my teacher.
(“who is speaking”是限定性定语从句,去掉后句子变为“The man is my teacher”,意义完全不同。)
2. 非限定性定语从句:对先行词起到补充说明的作用,去掉后句子仍能独立存在。
- 例句:Tom, who is my friend, lives next door.
(“who is my friend”是非限定性定语从句,去掉后句子变为“Tom lives next door”,依然完整。)
三、关系代词与关系副词的具体用法
1. 关系代词的用法
| 关系代词 | 使用场景 | 示例|
|----------|------------------------------|-----------------------------------|
| who| 指代人,在从句中作主语 | The student who won the prize...|
| whom | 指代人,在从句中作宾语 | The man whom you met yesterday... |
| whose| 表示所属关系,可修饰名词 | The book whose cover is red... |
| which| 指代事物,在从句中作主语或宾语 | The car which broke down yesterday... |
| that | 可指代人或事物,在从句中作主语或宾语 | The girl that lives nearby... |
2. 关系副词的用法
| 关系副词 | 使用场景 | 示例|
|----------|------------------------------|-----------------------------------|
| where| 表示地点,在从句中作状语 | The house where we lived is gone. |
| when | 表示时间,在从句中作状语 | The day when we graduated was sunny. |
| why| 表示原因,在从句中作状语 | The reason why he failed is unknown. |
四、专项练习
为了巩固上述知识点,下面提供几道专项练习题供同学们参考:
1. The girl ________ is standing under the tree is my sister.
A. whom B. who C. whose D. which
2. The reason ________ he gave for being late was not convincing.
A. why B. what C. which D. where
3. The building ________ was built last year is now our new classroom.
A. what B. that C. where D. whose
4. The movie ________ we watched last night was fantastic.
A. when B. where C. which D. why
5. The boy ________ father is a doctor studies hard every day.
A. who B. whose C. which D. where
通过以上练习,大家可以进一步熟悉定语从句的使用规则。希望本文的内容能够帮助大家在学习定语从句时更加得心应手!